Windows 1.0
The first version of Microsoft Windows, called Windows 1.0,released on November 20, 1985. This version has many flaws insome of the functionality, making it less popular in the market. At first Windows version 1.0 is going to called Interface Manager, but Rowland Hanson, head of marketing at Microsoft Corporation,Microsoft officials assured that the name "Windows" would be more "lure" consumers. Windows 1.0 is not a complete operating system, but only extends the capabilities of MS-DOS with the addition of a graphical interface. In addition,
Windows 2.x
Windows version 2 appeared later on December 9, 1987, and became slightly more popular than its predecessor. Gained in popularity largely because of its proximity to graphics applications made by Microsoft, Microsoft Excel for Windows and Microsoft Word for Windows. Windows applications can be run from MS-DOS, and then enter Windows to perform its operations, and will come out by itself when the application is closed. Microsoft Windows eventually obtain a significant improvement when Aldus PageMaker appeared in versions for Windows, which previously could only walk on the Macintosh. Some computer experts noted historians as the appearance of an application that behavior is significantly other than Microsoft's initial success as Microsoft Windows. Windows version 2.0x using real-mode memory model, which is only capable of accessing up to 1 megabyte of memory. In such a configuration, Windows can run any other multitasking application, such DESQ view, which runs in protected mode offered by the Intel 80286.
Windows 2.1x
Furthermore, two newly released version, namely 2.1 and Windows/386 Windows/286 2.1. As with previous Windows versions, Windows/286 using real-mode memory model, but it is the first version that supports the High Memory Area (HMA).Windows/386 2.1 even has a kernel running in protected mode with emulation Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) standard Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (LIM), the predecessor specification Extended Memory Specification (XMS), which then in turn change the topology of computing on the IBM PC. All Windows and DOS-based applications when it was running in real mode, which runs on top of the protected mode kernel using virtual 8086 mode, which is a new feature that is owned by the Intel 80386. Version 2:03 and then get the 3.0 version of Apple's demands because it's version 2.1 has the appearance of windows in cascade mode (stacked), in addition to several features of Apple's Macintosh operating system that is "emulated" by Windows, the main problem is the display / look and feel. Judge William Schwarzer eventually undo all the 189 charges, unless the nine charges filed by Apple against Microsoft on January 5, 1989.
Furthermore, two newly released version, namely 2.1 and Windows/386 Windows/286 2.1. As with previous Windows versions, Windows/286 using real-mode memory model, but it is the first version that supports the High Memory Area (HMA).Windows/386 2.1 even has a kernel running in protected mode with emulation Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) standard Lotus-Intel-Microsoft (LIM), the predecessor specification Extended Memory Specification (XMS), which then in turn change the topology of computing on the IBM PC. All Windows and DOS-based applications when it was running in real mode, which runs on top of the protected mode kernel using virtual 8086 mode, which is a new feature that is owned by the Intel 80386. Version 2:03 and then get the 3.0 version of Apple's demands because it's version 2.1 has the appearance of windows in cascade mode (stacked), in addition to several features of Apple's Macintosh operating system that is "emulated" by Windows, the main problem is the display / look and feel. Judge William Schwarzer eventually undo all the 189 charges, unless the nine charges filed by Apple against Microsoft on January 5, 1989.
Success with Windows 3.0
Microsoft Windows eventually reaching a very significant success when stepping on version 3.0 which was released in 1990. In addition to offering increased capabilities to Windows applications, Windows 3.0 is also able to allow users to run several MS-DOS applications simultaneously (multitasking), because this version has been introduced virtual memory. This version is precisely what made the IBM PC and compatibles serious challenger to the Apple Macintosh. This is due to the increase in processing performance charts at the time (with the graphics card Video Graphics Array (VGA)), and also protected mode / 386 Enhanced mode that allows Windows applications to use more memory with an easier way than what offered by MS-DOS. Windows 3.0 can run in three modes, namely real-mode, standard mode, and 386 Enhanced mode, and is compatible with the Intel family of processors from Intel 8086/8088, 80286, to 80386.Windows 3.0 will try to detect which mode to use, although users can force Windows to work in a particular mode only by using certain switches when running :
- win / r: force Windows to run in real mode
- win / s: forcing Windows to run in standard mode
- win / 3: forcing Windows to run in 386 Enhanced mode.
Version 3.0 is also the first version of Windows that runs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the kernel from the kernel in protected mode Windows/386.Because of backward compatibility feature, Windows 3.0 applications must be compiled using 16-bit environment, so that did not use the capabilities of Intel 80386 microprocessor, which is actually a 32-bit processors. Windows 3.0 is also present in the version of "multimedia", which is called by Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, which was released several months later. This version is bundled with the existence of "multimedia upgrade kits," which consists of a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, like Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro. This version is the pioneer of all the multimedia features included in later versions of Windows, like Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups, and become part of the Microsoft Multimedia PC specification. The features mentioned above and support the application software market growing 3.0 makes Windows extremely successful in the market. Recorded, in the two years prior to the release version of Windows 3.1, Windows 3.0 sold over 10 million copies. Finally, Windows 3.0 was a major source of revenue to Microsoft, and Microsoft did make some revisions to the plan initially.
Windows 3.1
As a response from IBM OS/2versi 2.0 release to the market, Microsoft developed the Windows 3.1, which offers some min or enhancement to the Windows 3.0 (as well as the ability to display font TrueType Fonts, which was developed jointly by Apple), and also contained within it many all of the bug fixes and support for multimedia. Version 3.1 also removes support for real mode, so it only runs in protected mode which only oleh mikroprosesor Intel 80286 or higher. Microsoft was finally released Windows 3.11,which is a version of Windows 3.1 that includes all patches and fixes released after Windows 3.1 was launched in 1992.
During that time, Microsoft continues to continuing the development of a new operating system, called Windows NT. The main architect of Windows NT was Dave Cutler, who was one of the leaders of the VMS operating system architect at the company Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), which was later bought by Compaq which is now part of Hewlett-Packard. Microsoft recruiting Cutler in 1988 to create a version of OS / 2 which is portable, but eventually Cutler, instead allowing the new operating system. Before moving to Microsoft, Cutler actually make an operating system on DEC VMS successor, called Mica. And at the DEC officials to thwart the project, he came out of the DEC and brought many skilled workers with him to Microsoft. DEC have confidence that Cutler Mica carry code to be used by Microsoft and demand it. Finally, Microsoft was defeated and eventually ordered to pay 150 million dollars and has an agreement to support the new CPU chip buatan DEC, DEC Alpha, which was then recorded as the fastest chip, in order to run in Windows NT. Windows NT 3.1 (Microsoft marketing requires Windows NT to be seen as continuation of Windows 3.1) finally appeared first in Beta form for the software developers in July 1992 in an event the Professional Developers Conference (PDC), held in San Francisco, California , United States. Microsoft also announced its intention to develop an operating system successor to Windows NT as well as the successor to Windows 3.1 on the conference (which is code-named Chicago), which will then unite them into a coherent operating system. The operating system is named Cairo. It turned out that Cairo is a project that is more complex than what had been anticipated by Microsoft, NT and Chicago and the results are not "united" to Windows XP was launched. In addition, parts of Cairo have not appeared on the Microsoft Windows operating system to date. An example is WinFS subsystem, which is the implementation of the Object File System in Cairo, which had been done by Microsoft in some time, but in the end Microsoft announced that they stopped development of WinFS and will incorporate technologies developed for WinFS in the Microsoft products and technologies that others, especially the Microsoft SQL Server. Support for Windows NT device driver also was much less because it is developing drivers for Windows NT is considered cumbersome by some developers, in addition to Windows NT also has superiority in its hardware abstraction model. This problem has plagued all versions of Windows NT to Windows NT 5.0 (Windows 2000) out to the market. The programmer also complained that the developing device drivers for Windows NT is a complicated thing, and hardware developers also do not want to risk for developing device drivers for an operating system that has limited market share. In addition, although Windows NT offers excellent performance and capable of exploiting the system resources more efficiently, in some systems with limited hardware, Windows NT is considered as a wasteful system resources. This resulted in the emergence of public opinion that Windows NT is only suitable for large machines and also much more expensive (such as the DEC Alpha workstations with Intel Pentium or when it was still new).Windows NT also can not work for private users because of its resource requirements are high. In addition, it uses the GUI is just a copy of Windows 3.1 GUI, which is still far less when compared with the Workplace Shell's OS / 2, so the reason for Windows NT is the replacement for Windows 3.1 does not make sense. However, the features of Windows NT is exactly what makes the perfect choice for server market share of local network (LAN), which in 1993 is undergoing a massive boom, along with commodity network in the office has increased dramatically. Networking features in Windows NT networks to offer multiple connectivity options are extensive and certainly also the NTFS file system is efficient. Windows NT 3.51 is the belle of Microsoft's foray into this market, which then took over most of the market share previously held by Novell Netware next few years. One of the largest increases of Windows NT is the Application Programming Interface (API) 32-bit new, made to replace the Windows API 16-bit long. 32-bit API is called with the Win32 API, and that's where Microsoft is calling the API 16-bit long as Win16.Win32 API has three main implementations: one for Windows NT (which is a complete Win32 API with support for ANSI or Unicode), one for Win32s (that is part of Win32 that can be used on Windows 3.1 systems), and also one for Chicago (which only supports ANSI). This leads to high compatibility between Chicago and Windows NT, although basically two systems is very much different when viewed from the basic architecture. Windows NT is the first Windows operating system created by using a hybrid kernel, after the previous versions only use monolithic kernels only.
As a response from IBM OS/2versi 2.0 release to the market, Microsoft developed the Windows 3.1, which offers some min or enhancement to the Windows 3.0 (as well as the ability to display font TrueType Fonts, which was developed jointly by Apple), and also contained within it many all of the bug fixes and support for multimedia. Version 3.1 also removes support for real mode, so it only runs in protected mode which only oleh mikroprosesor Intel 80286 or higher. Microsoft was finally released Windows 3.11,which is a version of Windows 3.1 that includes all patches and fixes released after Windows 3.1 was launched in 1992.
Windows NT
Windows 95
After Windows 3.11, Microsoft began to start developing a version of Windows oriented to the user code-named Chicago. Chicago was designed to meiliki support for pre-emptive multitasking 32-bit as well as that contained in the OS / 2 and Windows NT, although the 16-bit kernel is still there in it for reasons of backward compatibility. Win32 API first introduced in Windows NT was adopted as a new programming interface standards-based 32-bit, with Win16 compatibility is also maintained by using a technique called the "thunking". The new GUI is also owned by the operating system, although not originally planned as part of the operating system when it was released. Indeed, some user interface elements of the Cairo borrowed and added to serve targeted operating system as another aspect of the versions of it (notably Plug and Play).Before replacing it with a new Windows version, Microsoft released Windows 95 in five different versions, namely as follows: Windows 95 - the actual release of Windows 95 A Windows 95 - including updates Windows 95 Original Service Release 1 (OSR1) are entered directly on the installation. Windows 95 B - includes several other major reforms, like the FAT32 file system, and Internet Explorer 3.0. This version is also known as Windows 95 OSR2, or many people in Indonesia refer to it as Windows 97. Windows 95 B USB - Windows 95 or Windows 95 version OSR2.1 is offering support for bus-based hardware Universal Serial Bus / USB. Windows 95 C - or Windows 95 OSR2.5 includes all the features above, plus Internet Explorer 4.0. This version is the most recent version of the series released Windows 95. Windows 95 OSR2, OSR2.1 and OSR2.5 not released to the public, but only to OEMs who want to use the operating system into the computer makes. Some companies even sell OEM new hard disk with operating system Windows 95 OSR2 on it. In addition to the features contained in Windows 95, Microsoft also introduced Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 that includes several additional features that are not owned by Windows 95.
Windows 98
On June 25, 1998, Microsoft released a new Windows operating system, known as Windows 98. Windows 98 is considered a min or revision of Windows 95, but is generally viewed much more stable and reliable than its predecessor, Windows 95. Windows 98includes many new hardware drivers and support the FAT32 file system that allows better partitioning to have a capacity larger than 2 gigabytes, a restriction contained in Windows 95. USB support in Windows 98 was also much better than its predecessor.
Windows 98 mired in controversy when Microsoft put Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser into the operating system and can not be revoked, making Windows Explorer and the Windows GUI is able to display the directory as if the web page. This opens up new cases, referred to as the United States versus Microsoft, who asked why Microsoft is bothering to maintain its dominance in personal computer operating system to compete with its rivals such as Netscape and IBM in a way that is not honest.
In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, a release that offers many improvements over previous versions. Internet Connection Sharing, which is a form of Network Address Translation, which allows multiple machines in a local network in order to use a single Internet connection path together was introduced in this version. Many minor problems in Windows that long has been corrected, which makes the Windows 98 by many to be a version of Windows 9x is the most stable among all the other versions of Windows 9x.
Windows 98 mired in controversy when Microsoft put Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser into the operating system and can not be revoked, making Windows Explorer and the Windows GUI is able to display the directory as if the web page. This opens up new cases, referred to as the United States versus Microsoft, who asked why Microsoft is bothering to maintain its dominance in personal computer operating system to compete with its rivals such as Netscape and IBM in a way that is not honest.
In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, a release that offers many improvements over previous versions. Internet Connection Sharing, which is a form of Network Address Translation, which allows multiple machines in a local network in order to use a single Internet connection path together was introduced in this version. Many minor problems in Windows that long has been corrected, which makes the Windows 98 by many to be a version of Windows 9x is the most stable among all the other versions of Windows 9x.
Windows Me
Windows XP
Windows XP is a line of graphical operating systems made by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktop computers, laptops, and media center (Media Center). The name "XP" is short for "Experience". Windows XP is the successor to Windows 2000 Professional and Windows Me, and is the first Windows operating system version of consumer-oriented built on the Windows NT kernel and architecture. Windows XP was first released on October 25, 2001, and more than 400 million copies of the installation used in January 2006, according to an IDC analyst forecasts. Windows XP is replaced by Windows Vista, which was released to volume license users on 8 November 2006, and worldwide to the general public on January 30, 2007.Many Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and retail sales also stop production of the device with Windows XP on June 30, 2008.Microsoft its elf continued to sell Windows XP through Custom-built PC (smaller OEMs who sell assembled computers) until January 31, 2009. Windows XP may still be available for corporate users with volume licensing, as a means to downgrade to computers that are not yet ready to run the new operating system, Windows Vista Business Edition or Ultimate Edition or Windows 7 Professional.Windows XP is available in various editions. The most common editions of the Windows XP operating system is Windows XP Home Edition, which is targeted for home users, and also Windows XP Professional, which offers additional features such as support for Windows Server domains and two physical processors, and is targeted at power users market , business and corporate clients. Meanwhile, Windows XP Media Center Edition has additional multimedia features that offer the ability to record and watch TV shows, view DVD movies, and listening to music. There is another Windows XP Tablet PC Edition is designed specifically for the Tablet PC platform, namely a personal computer using a stylus. Windows XP was finally released for two additional architectures in addition to the Intel i386, which is called by Windows XP 64-bit Edition for IA-64 architecture processors (Itanium) and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition for x86-64 processor architecture. There is also Windows XP Embedded, a version of Windows XP Professional which reduced all the features here and there for specific markets, and Windows XP Starter Edition is sold in some developing countries. In mid 2009, a first plant revealed that they have a cellular phone based on Windows XP operating system.Versions of Windows NT-based architecture is known for its stability and better efficiency than the older versions of Windows 9x. Windows XP graphical interface presents a significantly redesigned, until the changes promoted by Microsoft as a more user-friendly than previous Windows versions. A new software management facility called the Side-by-Side Assembly was introduced to fix the problem of "DLL Hell" that often appear in Windows 9x. Windows XP is also the first version of Windows to use product activation "Windows Product Activation" to combat software piracy, although this is a matter of controversy. Windows XP also has been criticized by some users for computer security weaknesses, the integration of multiple applications such as Internet Explorer 6 and Windows Media Player is very tight, and for those aspects of the standard user interface. Version with Service Pack 2, Service Pack 3 and Internet Explorer 8 addressed some of these concerns. During development, project development of Windows XP is known by the code name "Whistler", taken from an area in British Columbia, as many Microsoft employees often do ski at Whistler-Black comb. As of the end of August 2009, Windows XP is the version most widely used operating system in the world with a market share of 66.2%, after peaking at 76.1% in January 2007. According to a report from Net Applications, Windows XP, highest market reached 85.3% in December 2006 etc.
Windows Vista
After winning big kesuksesan with Windows XP, Microsoft did not then just stop developing Windows. The latest version of Windows, called Windows Vista, released on 30 November 2006 [1] for the business while for the home user released on January 30, 2007.Windows Vista is launched in order to have a more robust security than previous versions, by introducing a limited user mode, which his referred to as User Account Control (UAC), to substitute a philosophy of "administrator-by-default" is applied in Windows XP .Windows Vista also introduces a graph feature a much more "attractive", which is called Windows Aero GUI, new applications(such as Windows Calendar, Windows DVD Maker and a few new games including Chess Titans, Mahjong, and Purble Place).Additionally, Windows Vista also offers a version of Microsoft Internet Explorer is more secure, as well as a new version of Windows Media Player (version 11).
- Windows Vista sold in several editions:
- Windows Vista Starter
- Windows Vista Home Basic
- Windows Vista Home Premium
- Windows Vista Business
- Windows Vista Enterprise
- Windows Vista Ultimate
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008, is a new version of Windows Server, which is scheduled to be released on February 27, 2008. At the time of its development, Windows Server has the code name "Windows Server Codenamed Longhorn." Windows Server 2008 is built on top of some of the benefits of technology and security that was originally introduced with Windows Vista, and is intended to be more modular significantly, than its predecessor, Windows Server 2003.
Windows 7
The next release after Windows Vista is Windows 7, for merly known as Blackcomb and Vienna. When first released, it has akernel of Windows NT version 6.1 build 7600, which is an improvement over Windows Vista's first release in which the current has a kernel NT 6.0 build 6000. Windows 7 is released on October 22, 2009 this has security and new features, in cluding: Jump List, Taskbar which opens the program with a small display, Windows Media Player 12, Internet Explorer 8, and others. Sever a lunique features is the Sidebar Gadgets and changed its name to freely placed anywhere on the desktop (not like the Sidebar which can only be placed in a certain place). That feature makes Windows 7 to be attractive. Specifications Windows 7 is light rand the price is also cheaper than Windows Vista.
Just like Windows Vista, Windows 7 also comprises six editions:
Just like Windows Vista, Windows 7 also comprises six editions:
- Windows 7 Starter
- Windows 7 Home Basic
- Windows 7 Home Premium
- Windows 7 Professional
- Windows 7 Ultimate
- Windows 7 Enterprise
information from: wikipedia
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